Now unique serious alternative to IBM-compatible personal computers are computers Macintosh of the American firm Apple based in 1977 young Steve Jobs and Steve Voznjakom. { Apple}
The first personal computer of company Apple 2 placed in the plastic case, had the integrated keyboard and as the display used the TV. 7 kg weighing less, Apple 2 cost only 1350 dollars that did(made) his(its) accessible to the private person. Seven slot expansions allowed to increase opportunities of the machine with the help of payments of expansion for work with grafik, a communication facility and seales. In the summer of 1978 Apple 2 has been equipped with the disk drive,and at the end of 1979 — a package of software VisiCalc. Due to high quality of production Apple Computer became the conducting(leading) company in the market of microcomputers of the end of 1970th years.
In 1981 in the market of microcomputers production of firm IBM that has forced Apple to make active development of essentially new computer — with the graphic interface has appeared. The first works in this direction have been started by engineers Apple together with company Xerox in 1979, and since 1982 have been continued Apple independently within the framework of research group Macintosh Developer Group. In 1983 the first result of work of this group — computer Lisa has appeared. Despite of all advantages of a new computer, his(its) price appeared too high, that has prevented his(its) promotion in the market. { IBM}
Creation Macintosh
On January, 24, 1984 Apple started vigorous campaign from the American TV after advertising new computer Macintosh 128K. This day is considered date of a birth of new family of computers. The interface of first "Poppy" as familiarly name computers Macintosh, considerably differed from IBM-compatible computers of that time: the windows revealed by the menu, the pictogram in the cardinal image simplified dialogue with a computer.
Due to design all-on-line (all in one) at which the system block and the monitor are incorporated in one case, the computer borrowed(occupied) a minimum of a place ona table. But at the same time the machine did not have hard disk and there was no opportunity to connect external devices. The big files did not allow to create 128 kilobyte of operative memory, complicated copying diskettes.The format 3,5 inch disk drives whereas in the beginning of the eightieth years the five-inch format was standard was unusual. The list programm maintenance for a new computer was limited to only three programs.
But the biggest affliction for buyers was price Macintosh — more than 2,5 thousand dollars instead of the planned 1 thousand. The middle of the eightieth years began the extremely unsuccessful for company Apple. Sales went badly, the basic buyers were only companies - software developers and university associations. As a result of internal disorders on September, 17, 1985 Apple Steve Jobs has left(abandoned). In a management of the company have started to reflect on transition to release of clones IBM PC seriously.
However the high reputation of production Apple among programmers - developers has allowed the company to keep the person. In 1985 company Microsoft has developed spreadsheet Excel for Macintosh which version for PC has appeared only a year after. Programs for Macintosh Aldus PageMaker and LaserWriter have made rillu revolution in publishing, having provided production Apple steady selling in this sector of the market. { Microsoft}
New development Apple — Macintosh Plus — became the first computer with the SCSI-interface popular in programmers - developers. Henceforth presence of SCSI-port becomes the standard for Macintosh. Creation in 1986 of the version of operational system for work with hieroglyphs KadjiTalk has won for Apple the Asian market.
In 1987 has appeared Macintosh 2. His(its) developers have refused a principle all-on-line, have provided six slot for payments of expansion. In 1989 Apple has sold computers more, than itself IBM, its(her) new development have drawn attention of customers from the environment of the industrial enterprises and the research centers. In 1990 on the market has left Macintosh 2fx — the fastest personal computer of time (and the most dear(expensive) for all history Apple — the price in ten thousand dollars).
Macintosh in the ninetieth years
In 1991 operational system Mac 7.0 where were 32-digit addressing, the menu of programs, virtual memory — all about fifty basic innovations has been created. In the same year began release of model Macintosh LC, concerning a cheap computer in the ultraflat case, becoming one of the most successful commercial projects Apple.
In 1992 portable computers Macintosh PowerBook became the most sold in a class noutbok. Then pocket computer Newton in which the new approach to the interface was realized basic, and first of all input and recognition of the hand-written text has been created. Unfortunately, the small size of operative memory complicated a spelling of applied programs for Newton.
In 1994 there was alternation of generations Macintosh — computers of family PowerMacintosh have been let out(have been released). Apple practically has completely passed on release of computers on processor PowerPc developed by joint efforts of firms Apple, IBM and Motorola. This processor uses progressive RISC-technology. In 1995 the first has appeared Macintosh, using trunk PCI, and also first clones Macintosh.
In 1997 Apple Steve Jobs again has headed. With his(its) returning strategy of the company has changed aside reductions of price Macintosh and release of some the new models accessible for a wide range of users — from professionals up to fans(amateurs) of the newest three-dimensional games.
In 1997 Apple has declared release of new family Macintosh — G3. Heart of a new computer became processor PowerPC of new generation. In comparison with similar Pentium II prize in productivity at processor G3 makes 30 %. Actually parent payment for G3 differs from a parent payment for Pentium only a socket for the processor. Thus, there is an opportunity of use in Macintosh standard devices, that essentially reduces his(its) price.
In 1999 Apple offers a new line of desktop computers. Among them computers iMac to five new colors, a new line of computers Power Macintosh G3 with three kinds of monitors, and also server operational system Mac OS X Server.
Placed in stylish translucent case Power Macintosh G3 — the most powerful systems of company Apple intended for professional designers and domestic users for which the machines capable with ease to support the newest three-dimensional games are necessary. In them the newest processors PowerPC based on copper with clock frequency up to 400 MHz, graphic cards(maps) ATI RAGE 128, trunks FireWire, USB, support Ethernet are applied.
For domestic users the firm announced family of the new accelerated computers iMac with lower price which are submitted in scale from five bright colors Blueberry (blueberry), Lime , Tangerine (tangerine), Strawberry (strawberry) and Grape (grapes). Computers iMac are equipped with faster processor PowerPC G3 266 Mгц and a hard disk 6 gbait. iMac, c his(its) easy fast installation, access in the Internet and absence of infinite wires became the best seller among personal computers in the USA.
The new server operational system Mac OS X Server based on Unix, — the first modern server operational system of firm Apple offering(suggesting) the inexpensive server decision for publications in the Internet, development of web-appendices, classical publishing systems and spheres of formation(education).
Now computers Macintosh make 10 % of world(global) computer park.
