Pentium Pro

In 1995 firm Intel has declared the beginning of commercial deliveries of the microprocessor of new generation Pentium Pro. In his(its) basis the combination of technologies known as Dynamic Execution lays: a repeated prediction of branchings (multiple branch prediction), the analysis of dataflows (data flow analysis) and emulation of performance of instructions (speculative execution). Depth of the conveyor makes 14 steps (against 5 at Pentium) due to what on execution(performance) of one command on the average falls at 33 % of less time. In Pentium Pro architecture DIB (Dual Independent Bus) — the double independent Bus for the first time is realized. One Bus working on frequency of the processor, connects the processor and the built - in cache - memory, other, 60 on external clock frequency 60 or 66 MHz, — the processor and a system payment. In Pentium Pro 128-the external Bus of the data for the first time is entered. { Intel}

In the 387-contact PGA-case of a microcircuit Socket 8) two crystals — actually the processor and cache - memory of the second level in volume 256, 512 or 1024 Kb, working on frequency of the processor are placed. On a crystal of the processor as it is usual, it is located 16-Кбайтный (8+8) cache. For today family Pentium Pro includes microprocessors with clock frequencies 200, 180, 166 and 150 MHz. Pentium Pro supports 2 and 4-processor configurations, and also allows to build systems with number of processors more than 4 with application of technologies Pentium Pro about 65 Gbytes of operative memory are capable to address. Lack of association in one case of two separate microcircuits (actually the processor and cache - memory of the second level) is high cost of manufacture as at presence of defect only in one of them it is necessary to reject all processor.

Obstacle to the further increase of clock frequency is high cost of manufacturing of microcircuits of the cache - memory, capable to work on one frequency with the processor. If microcircuit Pentium Pro 150 was issued according to technological norms 0,6 microns all other processors with higher clock frequency were issued with use 0,35-micron processes. The number of transistors of the basic crystal makes approximately 5,5 million, and a crystal of cache - memory of the second level accordingly 15,5, 31 or 62 million. The Processor weighs90 г and disseminates capacity up to 44 Вт. The pressure(voltage) of a feed(meal) of the processor makes3,3 Century.

The processor is optimized for performance of 32-bit instructions and shows the maximal productivity under 32-bit operational systems (Windows NT, OS/2, UNIX). 16-digit instructions cause often перезагрузку the conveyor that results in smaller productivity of this processor in 16 and 16/32-digit OS (MS-DOS, Windows 3.1/3.11, Windows 95). Productivity with a cache in 256/512 Kb under the control of 32-bit OS UnixWare 2.0 makes of 200 MHz Pentium Pro 8,20/8,58 for SPECint95 and 6,21/6,48for SPECfp95. Parameters of test Norton SI32 under Windows 95 make 90 and 97,7 accordingly.

Processor Pentium Pro and sets of microcircuits for him(it) allow to create multiprocessing systems, due to what the basic scope of this processor — high-efficiency servers. Pentium Pro with a cache in 256 Kb it is removed(is taken off) from manufacture in 1997. Release of processors with a cache in 512 and1024 Kb is stopped by summer of 1998.

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